Yes, those directions assume you are installing and running locally.
The SSH you are using only gets your terminal there. Chrome still has no way to access the remote machine.
If you know the IP address of the remote machine, you can try substituting that in for the localhost.
The more reliable way though is to open an ssh tunnel. This is the general idea here but I find usually I just need the -L option. What I use for a tunnel is here in condensed form towards the bottom under the ‘remote instructions’ section. Key part:
Then open a new terminal window and type:
ssh -i ~/xxx.pem -L 8888:localhost:8756 ubuntu@xxx.amazon.com
(I actually start the notebook server with jupyter notebook --no-browser --port 8756 in the step before that. I think you should include --no-browser to avoid that text-based browser you know the remote machine is trying to use.)
If your remote machine has the ports you want to try open and allows http or https access, after establishing the ssh tunnel, you should be able to paste the full URL the remote machine says and point Chrome on your machine at localhost. The tunnel will take care of forwarding that localhost to the localhost of the remote machine. Make sure to use correct ports in correct spots in the tunnel command and then in the URL, if what you used doesn’t quite match the directions I shared.
Here is a more detailed resource. I don’t use the same options in my tunnel but the idea is the same.