I encountered a similar problem here. I wanted to update the matplotlib widget but first uninstalled the extension. This got listed in the aforementioned json file. After reinstalling the matplotlib widget the state of jupyter lab look as follows:
JupyterLab v1.2.6
Known labextensions:
app dir: C:\Miniconda3\envs\jupyter\share\jupyter\lab
@jupyter-widgets/jupyterlab-manager v1.1.0 enabled ok
@jupyterlab/toc v1.0.1 enabled ok
@ryantam626/jupyterlab_code_formatter v1.1.0 enabled ok
jupyter-matplotlib v0.5.0 enabled ok
jupyterlab-flake8 v0.4.1 enabled ok
jupyterlab-jupytext v1.1.0 enabled ok
Uninstalled core extensions:
jupyter-matplotlib
The matplotlib widget failed to load, rebuilding or reinstallation did not change the situation. Manually deleting the .json file lead to jupyter recognizing that a rebuild is required.
JupyterLab v1.2.6
Known labextensions:
app dir: C:\Miniconda3\envs\jupyter\share\jupyter\lab
@jupyter-widgets/jupyterlab-manager v1.1.0 enabled ok
@jupyterlab/toc v1.0.1 enabled ok
@ryantam626/jupyterlab_code_formatter v1.1.0 enabled ok
jupyter-matplotlib v0.5.0 enabled ok
jupyterlab-flake8 v0.4.1 enabled ok
jupyterlab-jupytext v1.1.0 enabled ok
Build recommended, please run `jupyter lab build`:
jupyter-matplotlib needs to be included in build
After the rebuild everything worked again. So I think this is definitely a bug.