The Littlest JupyterHub sounds like what you need. Here are two resources adapting it along the lines you discuss. One sets up users with passwords you coulld give out.
If you are looking for something more along the Binder lines, @yuvipanda made a littlest binderhub demo. I don’t know if it has progressed to being a plug-in for the littlest JupyterHub but that was one direction. See here.