Update from 2022: there is now jupyter_capture_output that comes with cell magic like %capture_code and %capture_img to capture code and images.
Another option: plywood-gallery captures code-image pairs at each Jupyter cell execution.
These code-image pairs can be accessed on an HTML page, which logs all new generated plots in real-time.
This is how the HTML page looks like after running a single Jupyter cell three times:
(Images have to be clicked to reveal their code)
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